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Background:Histone H3 forms H3-H4 tetramers as nucleosome core scaffold. Lysine dimethylation is a reversible epigenetic modification controlled by methyltransferases and demethylases. Different dimethyl marks recruit specific reader proteins to regulate poised transcription, heterochromatin formation, DNA repair and cell differentiation. Each lysine site on H3 carries unique biological functions. H3K14me2 enriches at immune and metabolic gene promoters. It balances acetylation-mediated transcription activation and maintains stable basal gene expression. Upon oxidative damage, H3K14me2 accumulates at lesion sites to coordinate chromatin repair.
