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Background:Histones are basic nuclear proteins that assemble into nucleosomes, the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin. Diverse post‑translational modifications can co‑occur on the same histone H3 N‑terminal tail, generating combinatorial epigenetic signals. H3T3pK4me2 represents the dual modification of phosphorylated Threonine 3 and dimethyl‑Lysine 4 on histone H3. H3K4me2 is deposited by SET/MLL‑family methyltransferases, enriched at promoters and enhancer regions, correlating with poised or active transcriptional states. H3T3 phosphorylation is predominantly catalyzed by Haspin kinase and accumulates during mitosis.






