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Background:Arginine monomethylation is a reversible epigenetic modification balanced by methyltransferases and demethylases. Methylated arginine recruits specific reader proteins to control gene transcription, chromatin remodeling and cell metabolism, with distinct roles for different residues. H4 Arg3 monomethylation (H4R3me1) is catalyzed by PRMT family enzymes, enriched at promoters of housekeeping and differentiation genes. It loosens local nucleosome structure to facilitate transcription factor binding, and participates in DNA damage-induced chromatin remodeling. Abnormal H4R3me1 level disrupts cell pluripotency and tumor suppressor gene expression.
