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Background:Glutamine Serotonylation is a novel protein post-translational modification mediated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5‑hydroxytryptamine, 5‑HT). Catalyzed by transglutaminases (TGases), this modification covalently conjugates serotonin to glutamine residues (Q) of target proteins, forming a stable Serotonyl‑Glutamine linkage. Serotonylation regulates the function of small GTPases, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins, and various signaling proteins, and participates in critical physiological processes including cell secretion, contraction, migration, and signal transduction. It is closely associated with neural regulation, blood coagulation, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, representing an important research area in post-translational modification studies.
