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Background:Histone H3 forms tetramers with H4 to build chromatin skeleton. Its N-tail and core lysine residues undergo reversible acetylation regulated by HAT and HDAC. Acetylation neutralizes positive charge, relaxes chromatin and recruits bromodomain co-activators. Different acetyl sites on H3 separately control transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle and replication. H3K23ac is deposited by p300 and TIP60 complexes, responding to cellular stress and DNA damage. It remodels chromatin at break sites to enable DNA repair factor recruitment; after repair, HDAC removes this mark to restore transcription balance.
