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Background:Histones are the major protein components of eukaryotic chromosomes, rich in arginine and lysine residues and highly conserved throughout evolution. Two copies of each core histone H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assemble to form an octamer, around which 146 base pairs of DNA wrap to constitute the nucleosome, the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. The flexible N‑terminal tails of core histones extend outside the nucleosome core and undergo diverse post‑translational modifications. These covalent modifications remodel chromatin structure or recruit effector proteins, regulating transcriptional activation/repression, DNA repair and other nuclear events.
