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Background:Histone H3 forms H3-H4 tetramers as nucleosome skeleton. Lysine acetylation regulated by HAT/HDAC relaxes chromatin and recruits transcription co-activators. Different acetyl sites control transcription, DNA repair and chromatin assembly. H3 Lys27 crotonylation (H3K27cr) marks active enhancers and differentiation-related gene loci. It antagonizes repressive H3K27me3 to unlock silent developmental genes and governs cell fate transition. H3K27cr responds to intracellular fatty acid metabolism signals and participates in tumor cell proliferation regulation.
