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Background:Histones undergo a wide range of enzyme-catalyzed post-translational modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Lysine trimethylation is a vital epigenetic modification that predominantly occurs on histone lysine residues. It is dynamically regulated by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, and extensively distributed in eukaryotic chromatin.Lysine trimethylation participates in governing chromatin structure remodeling, transcriptional activation or repression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair. Abnormal trimethylation levels are closely associated with tumorigenesis, developmental disorders, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, acting as a pivotal molecular marker for epigenetic research and disease mechanism investigation.
