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Background:Histone H3 forms tetramers with H4 to build chromatin skeleton. Its N-tail and core lysine residues undergo reversible acetylation regulated by HAT and HDAC. Acetylation neutralizes positive charge, relaxes chromatin and recruits bromodomain co-activators. Different acetyl sites on H3 separately control transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle and replication. H3K4ac is catalyzed by p300/CBP and SAGA complexes, enriched at promoters of proliferation and hormone-responsive genes. It cooperates with H3K4me3 to activate gene transcription, and its abnormal level is a tumor epigenetic marker.
