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Background:Histone H3 is one of the core components of the nucleosome. The nucleosome is the smallest subunit of chromatin and consists of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of core histone proteins (two each of Histone H2A, Histone H2B, Histone H3 and Histone H4). Histone H1 is a linker histone, present at the interface between the nucleosome core and DNA entry/exit points. Histone H1 is responsible for establishing higher-order chromatin structure. Chromatin is subject to a variety of chemical modifications, including post-translational modifications of the histone proteins and the methylation of cytosine residues in the DNA. Reported histone modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, glycosylation, ADP-ribosylation, carbonylation and SUMOylation. More recently, the identification of the lysine benzoylation (Kbz) has been shown to be associated with gene expression and to have physiological relevance that is distinct from other histone modifications. Benzoylation can be induced by sodium benzoate, which is a widely used chemical food preservative and FDA-approved drug, generating an interest in the impact of chemical preservatives on histone modification and the potential effect of metabolite-direct modifications on cellular metabolism.
