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Background:L-Lactyllysine (abbreviated as Kla) is a novel lysine acylation-type post-translational modification. It is formed by the covalent attachment of an L-lactyl group to lysine residues, mainly mediated by lactoyl-CoA. Kla is widely distributed on both histone and non-histone proteins, and participates in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription regulation, cellular metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that L-lactylation is closely associated with tumor metabolic reprogramming, hypoxia stress, immune regulation, and various disease processes, serving as a key mechanism linking cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation.
