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Background:Caveolins are the principal structural components of the cholesterol/sphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane microdomain caveolae. Three members of the caveolin family (caveolin-1, -2, and -3) have been identified with different tissue distributions. Caveolins form hetero- and homo-oligomers that interact with cholesterol and other lipids. Caveolins are involved in diverse biological functions, including vesicular trafficking, cholesterol homeostasis, cell adhesion, and apoptosis, and are also implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Caveolins interact with multiple signaling molecules, such as Gα subunit, tyrosine kinase receptors, PKCs, Src family tyrosine kinases, and eNOS. It is believed that caveolins serve as scaffolding proteins for the integration of signal transduction. Phosphorylation at Tyr14 is essential for caveolin association with SH2 or PTB domain-containing adaptor proteins, such as GRB7. Phosphorylation at Ser80 regulates caveolin binding to the ER membrane and entry into the secretory pathway. Cellular location: Golgi apparatus, Cell membrane.
