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Background:Histones are subjected to a variety of enzyme catalyzed modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation,
etc. Histone lysine methacrylation (Kmea) is a novel post-translational modification of proteins. It is a structural isomer of crotonylation, but
they differ in mechanism and function. Specifically, methacrylate is the metabolic precursor of Kmea, and HAT1, SIRT1 and SIRT2 are the
writer and eraser of Kmea respectively. In addition, 27 histone Kmea sites were identified in HeLa cells. Leigh syndrome is a neurological
disease characterized by mitochondrial defects. Due to the genetic mutations of ECHS1 and Hibch enzymes in the metabolic approach of
pyrine, causing the accumulation of methacrylyl-coA in patients with these mutations. The discovery of Kmea suggests a new direction for
the pathological role of methacrylyl-coA accumulation.
